eLyXer Math Showcase
Alex Fernández (elyxer@gmail.com)
1 Introduction
This document is intended as a showcase of the mathematical abilities of eLyXer; for more information be sure to visit the
main page.
1.1 Versions
There are several versions of this page:
All of them are generated from the same .lyx source file; they should help you decide which rendering options suit you best.
2 Typography
Math formulae use a lot of different symbols and fonts.
2.1 Greek Symbols
Greek symbols are very important in equations: φ, π, Ξ. eLyXer offers a complete set in both upper case: AΩ and lower case: αω. Also the AMS italicized upper case: ΓΩ.
2.2 Math Symbols
2.3 Other Symbols
There are other symbols like arrows: ← → , or geometrical shapes: ○, □. eLyXer offers limited support for them. You might also want to use financial symbols in formulae: ¥€$.
2.4 Spacing
Equations look good when items are properly separated. The main separation is the Medium Mathematical Space:
x = 3.
Note: if you are viewing the non-Unicode version math.html of this page then you are in fact seeing midspaces, which are very similar but not exactly the same: 418 em for medium mathematical spaces versus 12 en, where 1 em = 2 en. Try out the Unicode version math-unicode.html — and viceversa. You can check out what version this page is in the page title.
The command \raisebox is useful to, surprisingly, raise a little box.
raisedoverloweredand back.
It can also be used just for spacing.
BV.
There are other spacing commands: \hspace: " ", \vspace: " ", protected space: a b.
Many fonts are used in equations.
Regular text is shown italicized. Variable: length, α, Speed.
Some font styles can be used in equations. Roman: 1 mathrm. Sans serif: 2 mathsf. Typewriter: 3 mathtt. Bold: 4 mathbf.
Regular text. Normal text: 5 textfm. Literal text: 6 mbox text. Phonetic alphabet: 7 abcde.
Units can be shown with or without a magnitude. Withouth: km. With: 57 km. With fractional units: 200 km⁄h. With a fraction before the units: 3⁄2 km, 716 s.
Some special fonts are supported: mathscr, MATHCAL, MATHBB, mathfrak. For those, some single characters are translated to their Unicode equivalents: ℱ, 𝔽, 𝔉.
3 Numeration
Equations can be numbered, like
1↓.
Some equations can be numbered even if they don’t have a label.
Notice that
2↑ comes after
1↑.
4 Simple Structures
Let’s now see a few of the simpler structures that eLyXer can output.
4.1 Fractions
A simple fraction:
12.
Inlined:
23.
A big recursive fraction:
1(1 + (11 + (11 + 2x)))
A nice fraction:
5⁄6. A non-diminishing fraction containing alignments:
11 + (11 + x × 11 + x).
A similar concept is a binomial coefficient:
(A + 1B). It can be prettily presented:
(AB + 1).
A symbol can be stacked over another using \stackrel: xR → y. Anything can be stacked: dx > 3limx, headheels.
4.2 Limits
A limit must appear below the main symbol:
limx → ∞f(x),
which should appear as
x → ∞ in italics, and «lim» in plain style. Note that in HTML the limit does not actually appear below the «lim» but to the right. Inlined:
limx → ∞f(x).
Limits are also used in sums:
∑∞i = 1x,
where the sum’s limits should appear below (
i = 1) and above (
∞) the
∑. Inlined:
∑∞i = 1x. Also in integrals:
∫∞i = 1x.
A square root:
√3. A more complex root in a fraction:
1(1 + √2(11 + √2) + √12).
eLyXer can also do higher-order roots:
3√x + y. A devilish case mixing everything we have seen so far:
7⁄8√84x + ∑∞i = 1xs + 5√(78x + 45y) × √Ωsin(x + 1) + 38 km.
5 Complex Structures
In this section we will explore arrays and related constructs.
5.1 Arrays
An inline array
[
]: is always shown in the same line.
An independent array is shown on its own line:
Apart from that the appearance should be the same.
5.2 Brackets
Arrays are separated by brackets: (a) [b] {c} ⟨d⟩ |e|. There are also big brackets: ⟨f⟩.
Used to switch between several values.
5.4 Braces
Values can be underbraced or overbraced.
a − b = b + c + d + e.
6 Macros
Now it’s time for user-defined commands (sometimes called “macros”).
Definitions can be added as macros. Then they can be used in formulae: 1√2. They can accept default parameters. Again, useful in formulae: 4√5.
Other definitions from the preamble can be used: 3√4.
Definitions on the fly are also possible: 7√8, and used with different values: a√b.
7 The End
That’s all folks!